By Hany Abdel-Latif, Henry Rawlings, Ivanova Reyes, and Qianqian Zhang<\/p>\n
Buffers insure against volatile crude prices and lower debt risks<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Oil exporters in sub-Saharan Africa should target buffers of around 5 to 10 percent of gross domestic product to manage large swings in oil prices. For many countries, this means they will need to maintain\u00a0annual fiscal surpluses\u00a0up to 1 percent per annum over a 10-year period.<\/p>\n As noted in our latest\u00a0Regional Economic Outlook, oil prices have fluctuated from lows of $23 per barrel to a peak of $120 over the last two years, resulting in highly uncertain revenues in oil-dependent economies. However, most oil exporters in the region haven\u2019t accumulated enough savings to insure against unpredictable oil price changes. In fact, sovereign wealth funds in sub-Saharan Africa hold assets of just 1.8 percent of gross domestic product\u2014compared to 72 percent in the\u00a0Middle East and North Africa\u2014forcing countries to borrow or draw down financial assets when oil prices fall.<\/p>\n As a result, in the decade through 2020, the region\u2019s oil producers have grown over 2 percentage points slower per year than non-resource intensive countries. Debt service costs have also been almost twice as high than in other sub-Saharan African countries.<\/p>\n Moreover, as countries transition to low-carbon energy sources, oil revenues could sharply decline. By 2030, oil revenues in the region could fall by as much as a quarter and by 2050, by half. Building buffers now would help the region\u2019s oil exporters navigate the transition toward clean energy while managing oil price fluctuations.<\/p>\n